SEVERE CS in 90 % of patients!

"Postsurgery, severe compensatory sweating was experienced in 90% of patients".

Video-assisted transthoracic sympathectomy in the treatment of primary
hyperhidrosis: friend or foe?
Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2000 Aug;10(4):226-9.
Fredman B, Zohar E, Shachor D, Bendahan J, Jedeikin R.
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba, Israel. hyperhidrosis.

Patients should be informed of the bradycardia resulting from sympathectomy.

Ann Thorac Surg. 2002 Dec;74(6):2076-81.

Related Articles, Links

Holter changes resulting from right-sided and bilateral infrastellate upper thoracic sympathectomy.

Abraham P, Berthelot J, Victor J, Saumet JL, Picquet J, Enon B.

BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that no right-sided dominance exists after infrastellate surgical upper-thoracic sympathectomy. We aimed to confirm whether a significant bradycardia was constant and only dependent on the right side. METHODS: We performed 24-hour Holter electrocardiographic recordings in 12 patients referred for bilateral sympathectomy. Surgery was performed at two distinct times allowing for the study of the consequences of unilateral right and bilateral sympathectomy. RESULTS: Heart rate was 77 +/- 8 beats per minute before surgery on the 24-hour recording and significantly decreased after bilateral (67.8 +/- 6.5 beats per minute; p < size="4">Consistently spectral analysis variables significantly changed after bilateral surgery but showed no right-sided dominance. Little effect of sympathectomy was found on the QT interval, which tended to decrease after bilateral sympathectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Patients should be informed of the bradycardia resulting from sympathectomy.

Bone marrow

1: Cell. 2006 Jan 27;124(2):407-21.

Related Articles, Links

Comment in:

• Cell. 2006 Jan 27;124(2):253-5.

Signals from the sympathetic nervous system regulate hematopoietic stem cell egress from bone marrow.

Katayama Y, Battista M, Kao WM, Hidalgo A, Peired AJ, Thomas SA, Frenette PS.

Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Center and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.

The sympathetic nerve--an integrative interface between two supersystems: the brain and the immune system.

Pharmacol Rev. 2000 Dec;52(4):595-638.

Related Articles, Links

The sympathetic nerve--an integrative interface between two supersystems: the brain and the immune system.

Elenkov IJ, Wilder RL, Chrousos GP, Vizi ES.

Inflammatory Joint Diseases Section, Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

awareness and autonomic arousal on functional neuroanatomy

Neuron. 2002 Feb 14;33(4):653-63.

Related Articles, Links

Fear conditioning in humans: the influence of awareness and autonomic arousal on functional neuroanatomy.

Critchley HD, Mathias CJ, Dolan RJ.

Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, 12 Queen Square, Institute of Neurology and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL, WC1N 3BG, London, United Kingdom. h.critchley@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk

The degree to which perceptual awareness of threat stimuli and bodily states of arousal modulates neural activity associated with fear conditioning is unknown. We used functional magnetic neuroimaging (fMRI) to study healthy subjects and patients with peripheral autonomic denervation to examine how the expression of conditioning-related activity is modulated by stimulus awareness and autonomic arousal. In controls, enhanced amygdala activity was evident during conditioning to both "seen" (unmasked) and "unseen" (backward masked) stimuli, whereas insula activity was modulated by perceptual awareness of a threat stimulus. Absent peripheral autonomic arousal, in patients with autonomic denervation, was associated with decreased conditioning-related activity in insula and amygdala. The findings indicate that the expression of conditioning-related neural activity is modulated by both awareness and representations of bodily states of autonomic arousal.

Neuroendocrine regulation of autoimmune/inflammatory disease

J Endocrinol. 2001 Jun;169(3):429-35.

Related Articles, Links

Neuroendocrine regulation of autoimmune/inflammatory disease.

Recent studies indicate that physiological levels of glucocorticoids are immunomodulatory rather than solely immunosuppressive, causing a shift in patterns of cytokine production from a TH1- to a TH2-type pattern. Interruptions of this loop at any level and through multiple mechanisms, whether genetic, or through surgical or pharmacological interventions, can render an inflammatory resistant host susceptible to inflammatory disease.
These interactions have been clearly demonstrated in many animal models, across species, strains and diseases, and are also relevant to human inflammatory, autoimmune and allergic illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, allergic asthma and atopic skin disease.

plasma natriuretic peptide concentrations

Nakamura2005

Circ J. 2005 Sep;69(9):1079-83.

Effect of endoscopic transthoracic sympathicotomy on plasma natriuretic peptide concentrations in humans.

Nakamura Y, Yoshizawa H, Hirasawa M, Kida H, Matsumoto Y, Ueyama T.

denervation leads to loss of an important regulatory mechanism in immune system physiology

Sympathectomy decreased CD4+ T-cells in lymph nodes. Alterations in lymphocyte activity does not always correlate with changes in the proportions of T- or B-lymphocyte subsets. Sympathetic denervation leads to loss of an important regulatory mechanism in immune system physiology. This is apparently site specific in that both lymph node and spleen T-cell proliferative responses are reduced.

Articles by Dr. Brian A. Smith

the australian story...

May 31 2003 - Madonna has written to many Institutions in Australia, including proposed reviews
of ETS in Australia. Morgan and FFSO have researched continually for evidence of side-effects
with ETS/ESB. Patients have shared their personal and private stories on this site and the boards.
Surgeons such as Dr T and Dr Lin have admitted there are side-effects. Together we have worked as
a team and finally there is promising news. I have just received a letter from the 'Australian Safety
and Efficacy Register of New Interventional Procedures - Surgical' and they will "undertake a
systematic review of [ETS]" and "warrant it urgent attention".

note: ASERNIP-s did not review Sympathectomy and even after repeated letters and complaints from affected patients, failed to inform the Health Minister or initiate the review. Sympathectomy is listed on the MBS, even though there has been no study into the effects or the side-effect of the surgery - ever done and doctors admit, that they do not know how the patient will be affected. Sadly this admission always comes after they have performed the surgery.

ARE WE PAYING A HIGH PRICE FOR SURGICAL SYMPATHECTOMY?

A Systematic Literature Review of Late Complications

Andrea Furlana,c MD, Angela Mailisa,bMD, MSc, FRCPC

(PhysMed) and Marios Papagapioua Msc

Comprehensive Pain Programaand Toronto

Western Hospital Research Instituteb,The Toronto Western Hospital, and Institute

for Work & Healthc, Toronto, Ontario,Canada.

In these studies, 26.3% or one quarter of patients with compensatory hyperhidrosis considered the complication major and disabling. The average time between surgical sympathectomy and the appearance of compensatory hyperhidrosis was 4 months (range 1-6 months). (82;93;118) The incidence of compensatory hyperhidrosis did not seem to be different after open or endoscopic approach. Irrespective of approach, two or more levels of denervation and removal of the stellate ganglion produced noticeably higher incidence.
We suggest that the

possibility of central contribution to the deregulation of sweat gland activity may be a substantial one and should constitute the subject of future research. Furthermore, our data suggest that the presence of a dysfunctional nervous system may constitute "vulnerability" to develop further neuropathic pain syndromes. Could this vulnerability be centrally mediated as well? What is the true nature of all other phenomena observed after sympathectomy (pathological gustatory sweating and what seems to be a rather innocuous complication, phantom sweating)? These and many other questions remain currently unanswered and should constitute similarly the focus of future research.

The study indicates that surgical sympathectomy, irrespective of operative approach and indication, may be associated with many and potentially serious complications.

note: There is no way for the surgeons who will end up with the disabling side-effect. Some of them attempt to guess, that it will be male and most of the time overweight. But there has been no research and there is no proof in the literature to support this claim. So who is a good candidate for ETS? There has been also no study into the severity of the side-effects, it is often the doctors or the patients who define. There is no objective study to establish the before and after state of these patients.

pituitary secretions of ACTH and TSH after sympathectomy

The present results suggest that cervical sympathectomy in the rat increases ACTH secretion and decreases TSH secretion in the pituitary. These effects seem to be due to a mildly increased secretion of melatonin in the pineal body that probably in turn increases corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) secretion and decreases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) secretion in the hypothalamus. Extrapolation of these findings to humans suggests that longterm and repeated stellate ganglion block would affect the pituitary secretions of ACTH and TSH.

Hiroshi Iwama¹ , Mamoru Adachi¹, Choichiro Tase¹ and Yoichi Akama¹

(1)	Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical College, 1 Hikarigaoka, 960-12 Fukushima, Japan

Received: 26 June 1995 Accepted: 1 March 1996

Melatonin

Influence of sympathectomy in humans on the rhythmicity of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin urinary excretion.

An increase in daytime melatonin excretion was observed in the patients responding to the sympathectomy with an abolished 6-sulphatoxymelatonin rhythm. This increase could indicate that the final sympathetic neurons innervating the pineal gland might have a both stimulatory and inhibitory function.
Møller M, Osgaard O, Grønbech-Jensen M.

Inst. Med. Anatomy, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.

Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2006 Jun 27;252(1-2):40-5. Epub 2006 May 2

Sympathectomy In Social Phobia

All aspects of social phobia, both somatic and psychological, were highly significantly improved.

Thoracic Sympathectomy In Social Phobia

Saeed Kargar, M.D.
General Surgeon
Shahid Sadooghi Hospital
Yazd Iran

Mojtaba Yasini, M.D.
Psychiatrist
Bahman Hospital
Yazd Iran

Vida Ayatollahi, M.D.
Anesthesiologist
Shahid Sadooghi Hospital
Yazd Iran

---

Citation:

Saeed Kargar, Mojtaba Yasini, Vida Ayatollahi: Thoracic Sympathectomy In Social Phobia: A Pilot Study. The Internet Journal of Surgery. 2006. Volume 7 Number 2.

Sympathectomy and blood sugar levels

4. Journal of Tissue Research Vol. 4 (1) 89-94 (2004)

Interactions of autonomic nervous system, pituitary-adrenocortical axis and corticotrophin and cortico-sterone in the regulation of blood sugar level in rats

Pilo, B. and Sule, J.

Division of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002 India.

Chemical sympathectomy (CSX) reduced the corticosterone concentration slightly but the ACTH level increased significantly. When sympathectomy was combined with vagotomy (CSX+VGX) an increase in both corticosterone and ACTH levels was observed. Chemical sympathectomy and adrenalectomy (CSX+ADX) also produced a maximum decrease in corticosterone level and a maximum level of ACTH. Vagotomy (VGX) alone or together with CSX or ADX produced hyperglycaemia while chemical sympathectomy alone or together with adrenalectomy produced hypoglycaemia. In conclusion it could be stated that in rats in which vagotomy was performed singly and in combination with sympathectomy, glucocorticoid secretion increased along with increased corticosterone. Chemical sympathectomy alone or together with adrenalectomy reduced the corticosterone concentration in blood together with hypoglycaemic condition. ACTH concentration by and large was more when corticosterone secretion was decreased.

Effect on insulin

Similar result was obtained with rat treated for chemical sympathectomy and vagotomy together and this slight decrease in insulin level could favour marginal hyperglycaemia.

3. Journal of Tissue Research Vol. 4 (1) 83-88 (2004)

Effect of autonomic and adrenal manipulation on the serum insulin level in rats

Pilo, B. and Yadav, V.

Division of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 002 India

Substance-P and bone resorption

Sympathectomy is known to result in localized bone resorption in the middle ear and at other sites. (Sandhu et al 1989) Sherman & Chole (1996) found that sympathectomy induced bone resorption could be blocked by capsaicin in vivo. It was concluded that sympathectomy led to a secondary release of substance-P and then directly or indirectly to the activation of osteoclasts. Substance-P also stimulates bone resorption in vitro. It was hypothesized that substance-P is required for other types of bone remodleing, including adaptive bone remodeling.

1997, 190, Session F8, Poster

Adaptive bone remodeling in the middle ear is substance-p dependent

*R.A. Chole, S.P. Tinling (University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California)

causes increased root resorption

Sympathectomy causes increased root resorption after orthodontic tooth movement in rats: immunohistochemical study

Sivakami Rethnam Haug¹ , Pongsri Brudvik², Inge Fristad³ and Karin J. Heyeraas¹

(1)	Department of Physiology, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009 Bergen, Norway

(2)	Department of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway

(3)	Department of Odontology-Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, 5009 Bergen, Norway

Biomedical and Life Sciences
	Thursday, February 19, 2004

imbalance of sympathetic nerves may induce inflammation and pain in teeth.

Our results demonstrate, for the first time, a trophic effect of the sympathetic nerves on cells in the dental pulp, indicating that an imbalance of sympathetic nerves may induce inflammation and pain in teeth.

The Effect of Unilateral Sympathectomy and Cavity Preparation on Peptidergic Nerves and Cells in Rat Dental Pulp

Sivakami Rethnam Haug, Ellen Berggreen and Karin J. Heyeraas
Department of Physiology, University of Bergen, 5009, Bergen, Norway
Received 7 July 2000; accepted 8 January 2001. ; Available online 4 March 2002.

Sympathectomy Enhances Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Substance-P Expression

Ethridge, Richard T.; Supowit, Scott C.; Zhao, Huawei; DiPette, Donald J.
Institution
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.

Permanent Sympathectomy Enhances Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Substance-P Expression In Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons.

Hypertension. 32(3):604, September 1998.



Substance P: In the central nervous system, substance P has been associated in the regulation of mood disorders, anxiety, stress, reinforcement, neurogenesis, respiratory rhythm, neurotoxicity, nausea / emesis and pain.
It also has effects as a potent vasodilator. This is caused by the release of nitric oxide from the endothelium. Its release can cause hypotension.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

Effect of Sympathectomy on the Role of Endothelin in DOCA Hypertension.

Lange, Darrell L.; Haywood, Joseph R.; Hinojosa-Laborde, Carmen
Institution
University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX.
Title
Effect of Sympathectomy on the Role of Endothelin in DOCA Hypertension.
Source
Hypertension. 32(3):595, September 1998.

Cervical sympathectomy causes photoreceptor-specific cell death in the rat retina

Cervical sympathectomy causes photoreceptor-specific cell death in the rat retina

Jena J. Steinle, Naarah L. Lindsay and Bethany L. Lashbrook
Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
Received 6 December 2004; revised 12 March 2005; accepted 19 March 2005. Available online 18 April 2005.

Effect of Acute Sympathectomy on Responses to Angiotensin and Norepinephrine

The present evidence suggests that the tonic discharge of normally functioning sympathetic nerves is capable of facilitating the response to angiotensin and that sympathectomy results in an abolition of this effect.
Zimmerman, B. G. Ph.D.

Section of Experimental Therapeutics, Lederle Laboratories Pearl River, New York
Title
Effect of Acute Sympathectomy on Responses to Angiotensin and Norepinephrine.
Source
Circulation Research. 11(5):780-787, November 1962.

SYMPATHECTOMY FOR TACHYCARDIA

Turley, A J; Thambyrajah, J; Harcombe, A A
Institution
Cardiothoracic Division, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK

Bilateral thoracoscopic cervical sympathectomy for the treatment of recurrent polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.[Report]
Source
Heart. 91(1):15-17, January 2005.

EFFECT OF SYMPATHECTOMY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ARTERIES

Mangoni, Arduino A.; Mircoli, Luca; Giannattasio, Cristina; Mancia, Giuseppe; Ferrari, Alberto U.

From the Centro di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione (A.A.M., L.M.), Ospedale Maggiore, Milano; the Cattedra di Medicina Interna (C.G., G.M.), Universita di Milano, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza; and the Divisione di Cardioribilitazione (A.U.F.), Ospedale di Seregno, Az/U.S.S.L. 30, Desio, Italy.
Correspondence to Alberto U. Ferrari, MD, Centro Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milano, Italy.

Effect of Sympathectomy on Mechanical Properties of Common Carotid and Femoral Arteries.
Source
Hypertension. 30(5):1085-1088, November 1997

CATECHOLAMINE LEVELS FOLLOWING SYMPATHECTOMY

Kawamura, Minoru 1,2; Schwartz, Joan P. 1; Nomura, Takuo 1; Kopin, Irwin J. 1; Goldstein, David S. 1; Huynh, Thanh-Truc 1; Hooper, Douglas R. 1; Harvey-White, Judith 1; Eisenhofer, Graeme 1,3

(1)Clinical Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892.
(2)Institute of Bio-Active Science, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Hyogo 673-14, Japan
Title
Differential Effects of Chemical Sympathectomy on Expression and Activity of Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Levels of Catecholamines and DOPA in Peripheral Tissues of Rats.[Article]
Source
Neurochemical Research. 24(1):25-32, January 1999.

24% ETS PATIENTS END UP WITH SEVERE FULL BODY SWEATING AFTER SURGERY

Compensatory truncal sweating occurred in 36 of the 42 patients; it was severe in ten, moderate in 16 and minimal in ten.

ANDREWS, B. T.; RENNIE, J. A.

Department of Surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
Correspondence to: Mr J. A. Rennie.
Paper accepted 14 February 1997.

sympathetic nerves on early embryonic development and immune modulation of uterus

Role of sympathetic nerves on early embryonic development and immune modulation of uterus in pregnant mice

the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells ratio significantly decreased, while the IL-2/IL-4 ratio significantly increased. These findings indicated that the activation of sympathetic nerves might be favorable to fetal survival and development during early pregnancy through influencing on immune function and decidua formation of uterus.

Yulan Dong^a, Yaoxing Chen^a, Zixu Wang^a, Jumpei Naito^b and Ji-long Chen^c
aLaboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100094, China
^bDepartment of Animal Science, School of Sciences and Engineering, Teikyo University of Science and Technology, Yamanashi 409–0193, Japan
^cDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Received 24 October 2005; revised 1 August 2006; accepted 2 August 2006. Available online 26 September 2006.

RESULTS DETERIORATE PROGRESSIVELY

Intermediate-term results of endoscopic transaxillary T2 sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis.

Authors:

Chiou
Chen

Source:

British Journal of Surgery; Jan1999, Vol. 86 Issue 1, 1 chart

Document Type:

The results of endoscopic sympathectomy deteriorate progressively from the immediate outcome.

Complications of Endoscopic Sympathectomy.

Complications of Endoscopic Sympathectomy.

In two cases intraoperative cerebral damage occurred.

Cameron, Alan E. P.

European Journal of Surgery; Apr98 Supplement 580, Vol. 164 Issue 1, p33-35, 3p

HAEMODYNAMIC CHANGES FOLLOWING SYMPATHECTOMY

The sympathetic denervated heart showed little chronotropic response to anaesthetic and surgical stimulation. On the contrary, the parasympathetic response was predominant. An episode of severe bradycardia occurred during endotracheal suctioning prior to extubation. The haemodynamic response to cardiac sympathetic denervation corresponded to the efferent effect of beta-receptor blockade.

The Haemodynamic Effect of Thoracoscopic Cardiac Sympathectomy.

Authors:

Lee, Lim-Sim
Lin, Chien-Chih
Ng, Seok-Mun
Au, Chung-Fai

Source:

European Journal of Surgery; Apr98 Supplement 580, Vol. 164 Issue 1, p37-38, 2p

INFLUENCE OF SYMPATHECTOMY ON CEREBRAL AND MUSCULAR ARTERIES

Differing influence of sympathectomy on smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in cerebral and peripheral muscular arteries
Autonomic Neuroscience, Volume 124, Issues 1-2, 30 January 2006, Pages 38-48
K. Kacem and R. Sercombe

SYMPATHECTOMY SUPPRESSES IMMUNE RESPONSES

we have extended these studies by determining the impact of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced peripheral sympathetic denervation on these responses. C57BL/6 mice treated with 6-OHDA (200 mg/kg) were inhibited in their ability to generate primary, HSV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in response to HSV infection. sympathectomy also suppressed the activation and function of HSV-specific memory CTL (CTLm). in addition, administration of 6-OHDA resulted in a transient but substantial increase in levels of circulating corticosterone and hypothalamic fos expression.

LEO, NICOLE A.; BONNEAU, ROBERT H. a

Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Program in Neuroscience, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA

Chemical Sympathectomy Alters Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection.
Source
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 917:923-934, 2000.

Sympathectomy generates a mild, although significant, impairment of the bronchomotor tone

Gonzalez, Miguel A. Ponce MD a; Serda, Gabriel Julia MD a; Rodriguez, Norberto Santana MD b; Suarez, Pedro Rodriguez MD b; Penate, Gregorio Perez MD a; Gilart, Jordi Freixinet MD b; Navarro, Pedro Cabrera MD a

(a)Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
(b)Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Title
Long-term pulmonary function after thoracic sympathectomy.[Miscellaneous Article]
Source
Journal of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery. 129(6):1379-1382, June 2005.
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term and midterm effects of thoracic sympathectomy on pulmonary function and to assess the influence of the sympathetic nervous system on bronchomotor tone.
We conclude that thoracic sympathectomy generates a mild, although significant, impairment of the bronchomotor tone.

sympathectomy leads to qualitative alterations in localized bone modeling and remodeling

Previous studies have indicated that regional sympathectomy leads to qualitative alterations in localized bone modeling and remodeling. In this study, unilateral cervical sympathectomy resulted in significant increases in osteoclast surface and osteoclast number within the ipsilateral bulla of experimental animals. The mechanisms by which sympathectomy leads to increased local bone loss is unknown. Potential mechanisms include disinhibition of resorption, secondary to the elimination of periosteal sympathetics, as well as indirect vascular effects.
Disruption of the control of modeling within the temporal bone may lead to various bone diseases such as otosclerosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget's disease of bone, fibrous dysplasia, or the erosion of bone associated with chronic otitis media.

Sherman, Bret E.; Chole, Richard A.
Institution
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A.
Title
In Vivo Effects of Surgical Sympathectomy on Intramembranous Bone Resorption.[Miscellaneous]
Source
American Journal of Otology. 17(2):343-346, March 1996.

Alterations of the Bone Scan After Sympathectomy

Mailis, Angela M.D. M.Sc., F.R.C.P.C.(physMed.); Meindok, Harry M.D., B.S., F.R.C.P.C.(Lond.), F.R.C.P.C.(IntMed.); Papagapiou, Marios B.sc.(Hon.), M.Sc.; Pham, Dieu M.D., F.R.C.P.C. (Radiol.)
Institution
Pain Investigation Unit and Department of Medicine, The Toronto Hospital (Western Division), University of Toronto, and Department of Radiology, The Toronto Hospital, Toronto; and Department of Radiology, North York Branson Hospital, North York, Ontario, Canada
Title
Alterations of the Three-Phase Bone Scan After Sympathectomy.[Report]
Source
Clinical Journal of Pain. 10(2):146-155, June 1994.

Sympathectomy Suppresses Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate

Because the T2-3 or T3-4 sympathetic ganglia are involved in direct sympathetic innervation of the heart, sympathectomy at this level may alter baroreflex control of heart rate. The purpose of our study was to examine the influence of ETS on baroreflex responses to pressor and depressor stimuli under small-dose sevoflurane anesthesia.
ETS significantly altered baroreflex in both pressor and depressor tests in all patients. Baroreflex was completely suppressed in 1 of 19 patients in the pressor test and in 9 of 21 patients in the depressor test. We conclude that baroreflex responses are suppressed in patients who receive ETS.

Kawamata, Yurie T. MD *; Kawamata, Tomoyuki MD +; Omote, Keiichi MD +; Homma, Eiji MD *; Hanzawa, Tatsuo MD *; Kaneko, Toshifumi MD ++; Namiki, Akiyoshi MD +
Institution
Departments of *Anesthesiology and
++Surgery, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone East Japan Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; and
+Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
Title
Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy Suppresses Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate in Patients with Essential Hyperhidrosis.[Miscellaneous]
Source
Anesthesia & Analgesia. 98(1):37-39, January 2004.

Sympathectomy-induced ichthyosis-like eruption

Lowenstein, Eve J. MD, PhD; Gordon, Ronald E. PhD; Phelps, Robert G. MD
Institution
From the Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
Title
Sympathectomy-induced ichthyosis-like eruption.[Miscellaneous Article]
Source
International Journal of Dermatology. 39(2):146-151, February 2000.

SUPRESSION OF BARORECEPTOR FUNCTION OF THE HEART

Dohi, Shuji MD; Tsuchida, Hideaki MD; Mayumi, Takehisa MD
Institution
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Sakuramura, Ibaraki, Japan, and the Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical College and Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Title
Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate during Cardiac Sympathectomy by Epidural Anesthesia in Lightly Anesthetized Humans.[Article]
Source
Anesthesia & Analgesia. 62(9):815-820, September 1983.
To evaluate the effects of acute sympathetic denervation on the baroreflex control of heart rate, baroreflex sensitivities were compared in lightly anesthetized humans who had either cervical (N = 20) or lumbar epidural anesthesia (N = 18). The results suggest that cardiac sympathectomy induced by epidural anesthesia can suppress partially baroreceptor function by interrupting sympathetic efferent fibers innervating the heart during high levels of epidural anesthesia, but that lumbar sympathectomy during epidural anesthesia is unlikely to affect baroreceptor activity.

SUPERSENSITIVITY TO NE AFTER SYMPATHECTOMY

EDVINSSON, L. B.M.; AUBINEAU, P. D.SC.; OWMAN, C. M.D.; SERCOMBE, R. PH.D.; SEYLAZ, J. D.SC.
Institution
Department of Histology, University of Lund, Biskopsgatan 5, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden (EDVINSSON)(OWMAN)
Department of Histology, University of Lund, Biskopsgatan 5, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden; Department de Neurophysiopathologie Humaine, Hopital Laribosisiere, Paris, France (AUBINEAU)(SERCOMBE)(SEYLAZ)

Sympathetic Innervation of Cerebral Arteries: Prejunctional Supersensitivity to Norepinephrine After Sympathectomy or Cocaine Treatment.[Article]
Source
Stroke. 6(5):525-530, September/October 1975.

SYMPATHECTOMY FOR ANGINA

Hirakawa, Naomi; Ogawa, Ikuyo; Yoshida, Kazuyo; Totoki, Tadahide
Institution
Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Cardiology, Saga Medical School, Saga, Saga, Japan.
Title
Effects of Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy (ETS) for the Treatment of Patients with Intractable Vasospastic Angina. #151; Changes in Autonomic Nervous Activity and Symptomatic Change after ETS in Patients with Intractable Vasospstic Angina #151;.[Miscellaneous]
Source
ASA Annual Meeting Abstracts. LOCAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN. 99(3A):A998, October 2003.

"paradoxic gangrene" AS A COMPLICATION OF SYMPATHECTOMY

TYLER, L TERRELL M.D.; KAPLAN, I W M.D.
Institution
From the Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Surgical Service of Touto Infirmary, New Orleans, La.
Title
Paradoxic Gangrene Following Lumbar Sympathectomy.[Article]
Source
Southern Medical Journal. 50(1):63-66, January 1957.
Abstract
The occasional complication of "paradoxic gangrene" following lumbar sympathectomy is not well understood. Several such instances are reported with the suggestion of an additional etiologic factor.

SYMPATHECTOMY BLUNTS MYOCARDIAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS

Author
Perlini, Stefano; Ferrero, Ivana; Palladini, Giuseppina; Tozzi, Rossana; Facoetti, Angelica; Fallarini, Silvia; Ferrari, Alberto U
Institution
Univ Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Perlini, Ferrero, Palladini, Tozzi)
Univ Pavia, Milano, Italy (Facoetti)
Univ Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Fallarini)
Univ Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy (Ferrari)
Title
SYMPATHECTOMY, BUT NOT BETA-BLOCKADE, BLUNTS MYOCARDIAL INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS IN EXPERIMENTAL PRESSURE-OVERLOAD HYPERTROPHY.[Abstract]
Source
Hypertension. 44(4):512-513, October 2004.

Sympathetic innervation affect vessel structure and sensitivity.

The results also suggest that sympathetic innervation of mesenteric resistance vessels may affect vessel structure and sensitivity.

Author
Nyborg, Niels C B 1; Korsgaard, Niels *; Mulvany, Michael J. *
Institution
*From the Institutes of Biophysics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
(1)From the Institutes of Pharmacology University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Title
Neonatal Sympathectomy of Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with 6-Hydroxydopamine: Effects on Resistance Vessel Structure and Sensitivity to Calcium.[Article]
Source
Journal of Hypertension. 4(4):455-461, August 1986.

EFFECTS OF THORACIC SYMPATHECTOMY ON HUMAN MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY

Yamada, Hiroyuki M.D.; Ono, Takeshi M.D.; Cho, Sungsam M.D.; Tomiyasu, Shiro M.D.; Sumikawa, Koji M.D.
Institution
Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
Title
EFFECTS OF THORACIC SYMPATHECTOMY ON HUMAN MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY FLOW VELOCITY AND CEREBROVASCULAR CO2 RESPONSE.[Miscellaneous]
Source
ASA Annual Meeting Abstracts. Clinical Neurosciences. 91(3A):A222, October 1999.

ALTERED IMMUNERESPONSES FOLLOWING SYMPATHECTOMY

Hong, S.; Soares, J.; Bunnell, B. N.; Edwards, G. L.; Evans, D. L.; Dishman, R. K. FACSM
Institution
University of Georgia.
Title
ACTIVITY WHEEL RUNNING BLUNTS SUPPRESSION OF SPLENIC NATURAL KILLER CELL CYTOTOXICITY AFTER FOOTSHOCK AND SYMPATHECTOMY.[Abstract]
Source
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 30(5) (Supplement):298, May 1998.

Depression accompanying compensatory hyperhidrosis

Hashim, N.; Wilson, N. J. E.
Institution
Department of Dermatology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
Title
Depression accompanying compensatory hyperhidrosis following endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy.[Letter]
Source
Clinical & Experimental Dermatology. 31(6):818-819, November 2006.

dermatitis of the hands following sympathectomy

Hofbauer, Gunther F. L.; Nestle, Frank O.
Institution
Patch Test and Occupational Dermatology Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
Title
Irritant contact dermatitis of the hands following thoracic sympathectomy.[Miscellaneous]
Source
Contact Dermatitis. 42(2):119-120, February 2000.

sympathectomy-induced adrenal hypertrophy

Regulation of adrenal angiotensin receptor subtypes: a possible mechanism for sympathectomy-induced adrenal hypertrophy

Conclusions: Impairment of the sympathetic nervous system with guanethidine withdraws the normal stimulation of this system on the circulating renin-angiotensin system, but upregulates the expression of adrenal Ang II receptors. Increased expression of adrenal AT2 and AT1A receptors may play an important role in adaptive adrenal hypertrophy and hormonal responses to sympathectomy.
Author
Qiua, Jingxin 1; Nelsona, Sharon H. 1; Spethb, Robert C. 2; Wanga, Donna H. 1,3

ETS results in bradycardia during exercise

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
Volume 20, Issue 6, December 2001, Pages 1095-1100

Infra-stellate upper thoracic sympathectomy results in a relative
bradycardia during exercise, irrespective of the operated side

P. Abraham , , a, J. Picquetb, S. Bickerta, X. Paponb, Y. Joussetb, J. L. Saumeta and B. Enonb

Sympathectomy and Dysautonomia

http://www.ndrf.org/NDRFHandbook.htm

Here are some of the tests listed that should be preformed after sympathectomy, to measure the damage caused on the autonomous nervous system.

The mechanism of sympathectomy - unknown

Results. Sympathetic blocks and sympathectomies may provide
significant relief in 60% of patients who undergo them (19-23). The
mechanism on which this relief is based is open to question. There may
be a significant placebo effect influencing the response to sympathetic
blocks (18, 19). Mean time to pain recurrence following
sympathectomy is six months (23).
http://www.hiesiger.com/physicians/physicianrfl.html

Long-term superior cervical sympathectomy induces

Long-term superior cervical sympathectomy induces mast cell hyperplasia and increases histamine and serotonin content in the rat dura mater

These results clearly demonstrate, for the first time, a long-term trophic effect of sympathetic nerve degeneration on mast cells in the dura mater. Since mast cell activation has been described previously on the painful side of cluster headache patients during attack periods, we propose that the sympathetic impairment reported in these patients could be prominent, directly or indirectly inducing mast cell hyperplasia and changes in amine contents in the tissue concerned.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0F-3YKKDB8-T&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=1de581b2e86912852d82e7f89ca95aea

Immune responses following sympathectomy

It has been shown in animals that sympathectomy of one side of the
body leads to an increase in the development of tumors on the denervated side [80].
This suggest that interference with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) can lead to a
compromise of the body's immune system [81–82].

Charles A. Lantz, Ph.D., D.C.
Life Chiropractic College - West
Chiropractic Research Journal 1990; 1 (4): 19-38

Postural hypotension following sympathectomy

postural hypotension (POS-tu-ral hi-po-TEN-shun)

–low blood pressure condition that frequently follows the operation of splanchnicectomy or sympathectomyhttp://209.85.173.104/search?q=cache:b4FpIa0ycBMJ:www.haabet.dk/SpencerSystem1952/Glossary.html+muscle+atrophy+sympathectomy+inflammation&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=25&gl=au&client=firefox-a.

Hyperthermia following sympathectomy

a significant number of patients develop a tendency for
hyperthermia involving the extremity. This hyperthermia is more commonly seen among the patients
who have received multiple sympathetic ganglion nerve blocks. This is what is referred to as
"virtual sympathectomy".
THE ROLE OF INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND
MANAGEMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN
H. Hooshmand, M.D.
Neurological Associates
903 E. Causeway Blvd.
Vero Beach, FL 32963

Tendon inflammation & sympathectomy

Tendon Innervation: Understanding of Pathology and Potential ... - 7:19pm

role in the regulation of pain, inflammation, vasoac-. tivity, and tissue repair. This chapter presents novel. findings considering tendon innervation, ...
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470757987.ch9 - Similar pages - Note this

Interruption of sensory fibres

Cutaneous innervation in man before and after lumbar sympathectomy: evidence for interruption of both sensory and vasomotor nerve fibres.
Coventry BJ, Walsh JA Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
BACKGROUND: Rest pain and severe ischaemia in patients who are unable to be offered (further) surgery to revascularize the lower limb is still problematic. Lumbar sympathectomy has been used for many years but the mechanisms by which this works are not absolutely clear. Both sensory and vasomotor fibres travel in the lumbar sympathetic chain and the effects of lumbar sympathectomy on these nerve types have been investigated in the present paper. METHODS: Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect neuropeptides contained in sensory and vasomotor nerves in the lower limb skin of (i) patients having amputations for peripheral vascular disease (PVD) after previous (chemical or surgical) sympathectomy; (ii) patients having amputations for PVD without previous (chemical or surgical) sympathectomy; and in control normal skin. The three groups are compared and the results are discussed. RESULTS: Normal and PVD controls had intact sensory and vasomotor nerves around dermal cutaneous blood vessels, but these were completely or virtually completely lost after lumbar sympathectomy, by either chemical or surgical means. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar sympathectomy severs both vasomotor and sensory fibres, suggesting that relief of rest pain may be explained not only by increased cutaneous and muscle blood flow, but also by nociceptive sensory denervation. ANZ journal of surgery. (2003)
PMID: 12534731		Fulltext - Related articles

changes in intraocular bloodflow following sympathectomy

Control of intraocular blood flow.

Key words: sympathectomy, sympathetic stimulation, intraocular blood flow,. nuclide-labeled microspheres, sympathetic vasomotor tone. ...
www.iovs.org/cgi/reprint/12/5/332.pdf - Similar pages - Note this

Sympathectomy for Erythromelalgia

Yuki Nakajima¹ , Kiyoshi Koizumi¹, Tomomi Hirata¹, Kyoji Hirai¹, Atsuhiro Sakamoto¹ and Kazuo Shimizu¹

(1)	Department of Surgery II, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8603 Tokyo, Japan

Received: 19 January 2004 Accepted: 8 July 2004

Abstract Erythromelalgia is known as a rare syndrome of unknown etiology, characterized by redness with burning pain, edema associated with increased skin temperature in the upper and/or lower extremities. Various treatments such as drug therapies and sympathetic blockade were reported. We report two cases including a 57-year-old woman and a 64-year-old woman, showing the successful clinical outcome by bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy.

The patient did not respond to pharmacological therapy or surgical sympathectomy.

http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/3/1/106

Changes in the internal ear following sympathectomy

Vasomotor Affections of the Internal Ear

experiments have been either pericarotid sympathectomy or. injections of vasomotor drugs (stimulators or inhibitors of the ...
journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=1176876 - Similar pages - Note this

Effects of Sympathecomy

Thoracoscopic sympathectomy in the management of vasomotor ...

Thoracoscopic sympathectomy in the management of vasomotor disturbances and complex regional pain syndrome of the hand. Rizzo M, Balderson SS, Harpole DH, ...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14763530 - Similar pages - Note this

Sympathectomy severs both vasomotor and sensory fibres

Sympathectomy: sympathectomy severs both vasomotor and sensory fibres

CUTANEOUS INNERVATION IN MAN BEFORE AND AFTER LUMBAR SYMPATHECTOMY:EVIDENCE FOR INTERRUPTION OF BOTH SENSORY AND VASOMOTOR NERVE FIBRES. 

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

ANZ Journal of Surgery. 73(1-2):14-18, January 2003.
COVENTRY, BRENDON J. BM BS, PhD, FRACS *; WALSH, JOHN A. MD, FRACS +

Abstract:
Background: Rest pain and severe ischaemia in patients who are unable to be offered (further) surgery to revascularize the lower limb is still problematic. Lumbar sympathectomy has been used for many years but the mechanisms by which this works are not absolutely clear. Both sensory and vasomotor fibres travel in the lumbar sympathetic chain and the effects of lumbar sympathectomy on these nerve types have been investigated in the present paper.

Methods: Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect neuropeptides contained in sensory and vasomotor nerves in the lower limb skin of (i) patients having amputations for peripheral vascular disease (PVD) after previous (chemical or surgical) sympathectomy; (ii) patients having amputations for PVD without previous (chemical or surgical) sympathectomy; and in control normal skin. The three groups are compared and the results are discussed.

Results: Normal and PVD controls had intact sensory and vasomotor nerves around dermal cutaneous blood vessels, but these were completely or virtually completely lost after lumbar sympathectomy, by either chemical or surgical means.

Conclusions: Lumbar sympathectomy severs both vasomotor and sensory fibres, suggesting that relief of rest pain may be explained not only by increased cutaneous and muscle blood flow, but also by nociceptive sensory denervation.

THE EFFECT OF SYMPATHECTOMY ON THE VASOMOTOR, CAROTID SINUS ...

SYMPATHECTOMY. AND. VASOMOTOR. CAROTID. SINUS. REFLEXES. 201. systemic pressure fell an average of 39.2 mm. of mercury in 31 trials; on ...
ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/120/1/195.pdf - Similar pages - Note this