EFFECTS OF SYMPATHECTOMY ON catecholamine concentrations ...

EFFECTS OF SYMPATHECTOMY ON catecholamine concentrations ...

Effects of surgical sympathectomy on catecholamine concentrations ...

completely depleted from the pineal gland. These results. suggest that NE in the pineal gland ... amine declines following sympathectomy. Bjrrklund et al. 4 ...
www.springerlink.com/index/QP13674817684227.pdf - Similar pages - Note this
More results from www.springerlink.com »

CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES POST SYMPATHECTOMY

Short- and Long-term Effects
Pulse rates taken at rest and after effort were significantly
lower than those taken after operation, and the blood pressure
response to exercise was blunted. ECG tracings showed a sig-
nificant change in the electrical frontal plane axis and shortening
of the QTc interval.



Tel-Hashomer, and Tel Aviv University Sackler Medical
School, Tel Aviv, Israel, and the National Heart,
Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,t Bethesda, Maryland

SYMPATHECTOMY CAUSES PARTIAL AUTONOMIC FAILURE

NIH Book: Sympathectomy is "Neurocardiologic Disorder"

SURGICALLY INDUCED autonomic disfunction

HEAT STROKE AFTER SYMPATHECTOMY

As you - I mean your body - will have no control over thermoregulation, and you will not be able to cool off from your head (the top of your head gets rid of 40% of your body's heat, but it will be unable to do so. Completely!), even small exertion will cause a major drain on your system. Effectively you will be cut into two separate bodies: the top part of the body will be in constant hyperthermia - overheating your brain..., and the lower part from the shoulders down in constant hypothermia. One hot the other always cold, because of the changes in the circulation, and the thermoregualtory dysfunction. Your head will not know how hot your body is, as the signals from the body going to the brain are cut. The adipose tissue has been denervated, so it will not be able to send 'reading' the body's temperature ..or to send signals... Because your head is constantly hot, it thinks, asumes, that your body is as hot as the head (would make sense....but not any more), so it goes into overdrive to cool off where it can, to sweat where it can: from the shoulders or nipple line - again - depending on the level where the sympathetic chain was cut. On the shoulders up, neck and face you will not sweat any more, - this condition is called anhidrosis, - your skin will become dry, brittle, flaky, eliminating the skins natural cleansing process, that happens through sweating. It will also affect the circulation of the scull and the hair growth. There have been reports of the changes in hair colour, in fact becoming ..grey following sympathectomy. Hair loss has been also reported.
The surgery is also performed in cases where they have to do skin grafting, in order to reduce the immune responses of the skin, so it will not reject the new skin. It will make your skin more vulnerable and prone to infections. In general it will change your body's immune responses and make you more vulnerable to certain diseases and conditions. Arthritis is one of them.

bioinfo.pl
Ann Thorac Surg. 2007 Sep ;84 (3):1025-7 17720429
Is previous thoracic sympathectomy a risk factor for exertional heat stroke?
Alan D L Sihoe , Raymond W T Liu , Alex K L Lee , Chak-Wah Lam , Lik-Cheung Cheng
We report the case of a physically fit young man who presented with severe, life-threatening heat
stroke after running a 10 km road race. He had previously received bilateral thoracic
sympathectomy for axillary hyperhidrosis at another hospital, and was known to have upper body
and limb anhidrosis. Thoracic sympathectomy can result in reduced sweating and disturbed
peripheral vascular and heart rate responses. Patients should be warned that these mechanisms may play a role in the development of exertional heat stroke.

SYMPATHECTOMY and the drugs you should not take

VISKEN®
(pindolol)

INTERACTIONS

Potentiation of the antihypertensive effect occurs with ganglionic or peripheral adrenergic
blocking drugs and in the post-sympathectomy patient (see “PRECAUTIONS”). Calcium
antagonists and antiarrhythmics (see “WARNINGS”).

SYMPATHECTOMY causing damage

The damage to the sympathetic ganglia, be it in the form of sympathectomy, chemical sympathectomy, and radiofrequency (all of these sympathectomies are cardinal sins), or repetitive stellate ganglion blocks are damaging (causing "Virtual Sympathectomy") and can complicate the chronic CRPS pain further rather than helping the patient.

SYMPATHECTOMY IS A FAILURE

CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida

H. Hooshmand, M.D.

CAUSE OF FAILURE AFTER SYMPATHECTOMY

1. Sympathectomy is analogous to the act of killing the messenger. The sympathetic nervous system has the critical job of properly controlling and preserving the circulation in different parts of the body, especially in the extremities. By paralyzing the system, the extremity will be more apt to have disturbance of circulation and is left unprotected from fluctuation in circulation.

Sympathectomy is similar to permanently removing the central heat and air-conditioning system and never replacing it because of malfunction.

Sympathectomy permanently damages the temperature regulatory system. The reason sympathectomy does not cause side effects other than ineffective control of pain as well as impotence and orthostatic hypotension is because it is invariably partial and incomplete.
4. Usually the patients that end up needing sympathectomy are the ones who suffer from ephaptic dystrophy. Sympathectomy in such cases cause a classic Cannon phenomenon. This physiological phenomenon refers to the fact that the end organ that is controlled by sympathetic nerve fibers will become uninhibited in its chemical dysfunction. As a result, even though the sympathetic fibers are not contributing to acetylcholine or become uninhibited with resultant increase of pain input.

In diabetic neuropathy RSD, sympathectomy dramatically relieves the pain for the first 1 to 3 years. Then deafferentation can Cannon phenomenon set in. As a result, invariably by the second to fifth year the patient ends up with a lot more pain. Sympathetic blocks repeated every 6 to 12 months yield similar results.
In patients who have had sympathectomy, thermography shows an increase of temperature in the focus of ephaptic nerve damage (Cannon phenomenon) with secondary increase of pain and discomfort.

http://www.rsdrx.com/sympathectomy_failure.htm

SYMPATHECTOMY IS AN EXPERIMENT

Article
Sympathectomy as an experiment in human physiology
J. Paterson Ross
Surgical Professorial Unit, St. Bartholomew's Hospital
A Hunterian Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons, February 3, 1933.
ABSTRACT

(P.S.: It is still an experiment! There has been no objective trial or study into the effectiveness, safety and efficiacy of the procedure. No real long-term study into the effects of the surgery. There has been one study that reported that 25% of the patients operated for palmar HH said that their original condition returned within 5 years. Remember? Nerves regenerate. The sympathetic chain does not. You might end up with the return of your original symptoms, plus the many adverse effects of the surgery (decreased heart rate, lung function, abolished homeostasis, inability to maintain the correct bloodpressure, high plasma NOREPHRINE, that has been associated with joint inflammation, arthritis, also: 95 % of the patients who underwent Sympathectomy ended up with Sclerosis within 6 years!!!, irrespective of the fact if they had diabetes or not, etc etc. )

article - cerebral damage, sympathectomy

Complications of endoscopic sympathectomy
Alan E. P. Cameron
Abstract
Four cases are presented in which complications occurred during or after thoracic endoscopic
sympathectomy (TES). In one patient inappropriate TES resulted in disabling hyperhidrosis. In one
patient laceration of the subclavian artery required major surgery. In two cases intraoperative
cerebral damage occurred. Training in TES is essential.
Copyright © 1998 Taylor and Francis

SYMPATHECTOMY FOR BLUSHING- MOST SEVERE SIDE-EFFECTS

SYMPATHECTOMY FOR BLUSHING- MOST SEVERE SIDE-EFFECTS

As a standard procedure surgeons operate the patients by cutting or clamping the sympathetic chain at T2.
In the last 10 years there are more and more articles and presentations at conferences discouraging against this operation, as it is known to cause the most severe side-effects.

DISCLAIMER

BEFORE IT GETS OUT OF HAND:
I AM NOT A MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL, IF YOU ARE WONDERING. I AM A JOURNALIST, WRITER AND RESEARCHER. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THIS BLOG ARE EITHER QUOTES FROM MEDICAL JOURNALS OR MY CONCLUSIONS BASED ON THE YEAR LONG RESEARCH I HAVE DONE AND THE EXPERIENCES OF THE PEOPLE WHO HAD THE SURGERY AND LIVE WITH THE CONSEQUENCES.
I WILL TRY TO BE AS OBJECTIVE AS POSSIBLE AND QUOTE AS MUCH FROM THE MEDICAL PAPERS AS POSSIBLE - WITHOUT BREACHING COPYRIGHT LAWS.
I BELIEVE THAT IT IS FOR THE BENEFIT OFF ALL OUT THERE TO HAVE HAVE AS MUCH ACCESS TO THIS INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE, AS EXPERIENCE SHOWS THAT THE DOCTORS DO NOT INFORM THE PATIENTS ABOUT THE POTENTIAL HARM THEY ARE CAUSING THEIR OWN BODY.
ONE NEEDS TO SHED THE UTOPIC THOUGHT THAT DOCTORS ARE CHARITY WORKERS. THIS WOULD NOT BE THE FIRST CASE TO SHOW THAT THEY ALL ARE IN THE BUSINESS. AND WE KNOW WHAT BUSINESS IS ABOUT.
PS: I DONT'T KNOW IF THERE ARE IDEALS LEFT OUT THERE??? ANY??!
AGAIN: IF YOU HAVE PROBLEM WITH WHAT YOU READ HERE, DO YOUR RESEARCH, SPEND A YEAR WITH THIS STUFF AND THEN GIVE ME A CALL. WE CAN TALK. OR EMAIL.

CEREBRAL DAMAGE

DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (SURGICAL) 1

the dangers of cerebral damage which may follow the use of the carotid or ..... years after sympathectomy was 41, whereas five years after sympathectomy ... arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.me.01.020150.000455 - Similar pages - Note this

Complications of Mediastinal Surgery

of the subclavian vein without revascularization may lead to transient upper ... The development of cerebral edema after thoracoscopic. sympathectomy is ...
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470988367.ch14

CEREBRAL REVASCULARIZATION - SYMPATHECTOMY

Journal of Vascular Surgery : THE SECOND DECADE: 1957-1966 ...

Interest in cerebrovascular revascularization began with the presentation on .... Aortic Blood Flow Following Lower Aortic Resection and Sympathectomy. ...

linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0741521496702136

MIA: THERE IS NO QUESTION ABOUT IT, SYMPATHECTOMY WILL HAVE AN EFFECT OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. IT WILL REDUCE IT INITIALLY AND FORCE THE BODY TO GROW NEW VESSELS IN ORDER TO SUPPLY THE SUFFICIENT BLOOD/OXYGEN TO THE BRAIN. HOWEVER THIS REORGANIZATION WILL HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE BRAIN'S FUNCTIONING, AND CAN HAVE ADVERSE EFFECTS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING BY TURNING OFF SOME CELLS THAT ARE STARVED OF OXYGEN, JUST LIKE IT HAPPENS WHEN ONE HAS A STROKE. IT CAN ALSO LEAD TO CHANGES IN PERSONALITY.
MY RESEARCH INDICATES THAT IT IS THE FRONTAL CORTEX THAT IS AFFECTED MOST AND THE FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH IT. IT ALSO INVOLVES CHANGES IN THE AMYGDALA, DUE TO THE DENERVATION OF THIS REGION OF THE BRAIN, KNOWN TO RECEIVE IT'S INNERVATION FROM THE UPPER CERVICAL GANGLION ONLY. SAME APPLIES TO THE PITUITARY GLAND. YOU MIGHT WANT TO LOOK UP THE FUNCTION OF THESE. IT IS QUITE REVEALING. ALSO THERE ARE STUDIES ON THESE REGIONS OF THE BRAIN FOLLOWING SYMPATHECTOMY.

VISCERAL AND CEREBRAL INVOLVEMENT FOLLOWING SYMPATHECTOMY: DEATH AFTER SURGERY

Vascularisation of Ischemic Limbs in Severe Occlusive Arterial ...

Eight of the 12 patients underwent sympathectomy. One patient, considered to have visceral and cerebral involvement, died. PMID: 3798265, UI: 87094501 ...
bharat_kelkar.tripod.com/sixb.htm - 117k

SYMPATHECTOMY FOR CEREBRAL REVASCULARIZATION

Neurosurg Focus 20(6):E7, 2006
The history of neurosurgical procedures for moyamoya
disease
CASSIUSV. C. REIS, M.D., SAMSAFAVI-ABBASI, M.D., PH.D., JOSEPHM. ZABRAMSKI, M.D.,
SEBASTIÃON. S. GUSMÃO, M.D., PH.D., ROBERTF. SPETZLER, M.D.,
ANDMARKC. PREUL, M.D.
Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical
Center, Phoenix, Arizona; and Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Almost 50 years of research on moyamoya disease (1957–2006) has led to the development of a variety of surgical
and medical options for its management in affected patients. Some of these options have been abandoned, others have
served as the basis for the development of better procedures, and many are still in use today. Investigators studying
moyamoya disease during this period have concluded that the best treatment is planned after studying each patient’s presenting symptoms and angiographic pattern.
The surgical procedures proposed for the treatment of moyamoya disease can be classified into three categories: direct arterial bypasses, indirect arterial bypasses, and other methods. Direct bypass methods that have been proposed are vein grafts and extracranial–intracranial anastomosis (superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery [STA–
MCA] anastomosis and occipital artery–MCA anastomosis). Indirect techniques that have been proposed are the following: 1) encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis; 2) encephalomyosynangiosis; 3) encephalomyoarteriosynangiosis; 4) multiple cranial bur holes; and 5) transplantation of omentum. Other options such as cervical carotid sympathectomy and superior cervical ganglionectomy have also been proposed. In this paper the authors describe the history of the development of surgical techniques for treating moyamoya disease.

AMPUTATION RATE HIGHER AFTER SYMPATHECTOMY

Has the clinical definition of thromboangiitis obliterans changed ...

Amputation rate after sympathectomy was higher in. females: 36% vs 22%. A revascularization procedure was performed in 15 (0.6%) ...
www.springerlink.com/index/U20N650672742U24.pdf

Changes in hemodynamics of the carotid and middle cerebral arteries following sympathectomy

http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/33/5/1180

CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA FOLLOWING SYMPATHECTOMY

Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for symptomatic arterial obstruction ...

Two patients died during follow-up: 1 of myocardial infarction and 1 of cerebral ischemia, 24 and 32 months, respectively, after the operation. ...

ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/74/3/885

International Journal of Cardiology : One of the most frequent ...

Nineteen of 344 (11.9%) patients died during follow-up due to cerebral ... After sympathectomy, in postoperative term, the retroperitoneal hematoma occurred ...
linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167527306000854

ADVERSE EFFECT ON KIDNEY

Role of sympathetic neurons in biochemical and functional ...

These results indicate that neonatal sympathectomy has an adverse effect on the biochemical and functional development of the kidney. ...
jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/246/2/427 -

Acta Psychiatr Neurol. 1949;24(3-4):473-9.

Related Articles, Links

Kidney function in essential hypertension before and after sympathectomy a.m. Peet.

HILDEN T.

PMID: 15396150 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

SKIN AND SYMPATHECTOMY

Sympathectomy Protects Denervated Skin from Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja MDa, Claudio Anasetti MDa and James L.M. Ferrara MDb
a
Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute and University of South
Florida, Tampa, Florida
b
Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Available online 20 February 2007.

Translated: this means that sympathectomy reduces the skin immune responses. Not a good thing. There are some surgeons - who offer sympathectomy - who promise that it will aslo cure acne!!!! Quite the contrary. Your skin will have less resilience and more prone to infections as it will have a downregulated immue reponse. Just another 'euphemism' from the doctors, that is totally unsubstantiated and fraudulent.

MSAC ON SYMPATHECTOMY

The Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) has evolved over time in response to changes in medical practice. Medicare benefits are payable in respect of a medical service listed in the MBS where that service is:

• provided by a medical practitioner, and
• a clinically relevant service (generally accepted in the medical profession as being necessary for the appropriate treatment of the patient).

Medicare item 35003 relates to the performance of cervical or upper thoracic sympathectomy by any surgical approach (irrespective of whether it is conducted by open exposure or endoscopically). Sympathectomy has been listed on the MBS for over three decades, and permitted by any surgical approach since 1991.

The Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC) was established in 1998 to advise the Minister for Health and Ageing on the strength of evidence pertaining to new and emerging medical technologies and procedures in relation to their safety, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness and under what circumstances public funding should be supported. MSAC has never considered this procedure, as it was listed on the MBS prior to MSAC's formation, and is therefore not a 'new and emerging medical technology'.

The Government relies on the advice of the medical profession in relation to the clinical relevance of procedures already listed on the MBS. If the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons were to formally advise the Government that it no longer regards this procedure as being clinically relevant, the Government would take appropriate action in relation to the MBS.

Symathectomy - controversial procedure

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF AUSTRALASIAN SURGEONS DECLARES THAT ENDOSCOPIC THORACIC SYMPATHECTOMY IS A CONTROVERSIAL PROCEDURE, WITH NO INDEPENDENT STUDIES TO SUPPORT THE SAFETY OR EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SURGERY.

Insurance companies do not insure surgeons for sympathectomy

Yes, hard to believe but surgeons have to be forced in this way to discontinue performing the operation as it cost insurance companies too much money. These cases are settled before it has a chance to go to court and have some publicity. The people who decide to take the payments have to do so in exchange of a gag order. They can never speak about the operation. Not to anybody, anywhere, in any form. This kind of silencing and secrecy is perpetuating the surgeons ability to sell and perform the surgery on the unsuspecting and misinformed patient.
At least there is some change in Australia, but not all insurance companies have the same policy.
In the meantime many people fall victim to the euphemism and ignorance of the surgeons and end up having a procedure that was a predecessor of lobotomy.
It is the medical scandal of this century!!!!
I never thought that the insurance companies will play the role of protecting the patient from potentially harmful procedures. Isn't that the of the medical profession and government agencies overseeing medical procedures. Somebody failing the patients here!

Sympathectomy (coverage will not be provided for this procedure)
www.avant.org.au/public/pdf/Standard_Policy_Application_Form.pdf -

Monckeberg's sclerosis after sympathectomy

Monckeberg's sclerosis after sympathetic denervation in diabetic and non-diabetic
subjects.
Goebel FD, Fuessl HS.
Medial arterial calcification is frequently seen in diabetic patients with severe diabetic
neuropathy. Sixty patients (19 diabetic and 41 non-diabetic) were examined
radiologically for typical Monckeberg's sclerosis of feet arteries 6-8 years after uni- or
bilateral lumbar sympathectomy. Fifty-five out of 60 patients (92%) revealed medial
calcification. This calcification was observed in both feet of 93% of patients, who had
undergone bilateral operation. After unilateral sympathectomy the incidence of calcified
arteries on the side of operation was significantly higher than that on the contralateral
side (88% versus 18%, p less than 0.01). Although diabetic patients showed longer
stretches of calcification than non-diabetic subjects, the difference was not significant in
terms of incidence and length. Of 20 patients who had no evidence of calcinosis
pre-operatively, 11 developed medial calcification after unilateral operation exclusively
on the side of sympathectomy. In seven patients calcinosis was detected in both feet after
bilateral operation. In conclusion, sympathetic denervation is one of the causes of Monckeberg's sclerosis regardless of diabetes mellitus.
: Diabetologia. 1983 May;24(5):347-50.

Sympathectomy is not a permanent solution

Nerves regenerate, sprout. The operation is not about the sweat glands, they remain intact. One study says 25% of cases report occurence of original symptoms within 5 years.
We do not know what happens later. Not with regarding the original condition.

SUICIDE, DEPRESSION AFTER SYMPATHECTOMY

If you are wondering about the purpose of this website, let me give you some background information:
A recent suicide (October 2007) of one of the most active members of the support group here in Sydney, made me think of more effective ways of getting the information out there. On this website, I will publish articles, or excerpts of articles that have been published in the last 70 or so years about the effects of the surgery, or to include links to those articles. I hope it will serve as a warning, at least in some cases and will deter people from the 'irreversible adjustment' to their body and mind.
For this friend, and the many others it remained a constant source of anger and depression (among many other ailments due to the surgery) that the doctors perform the surgery in FULL KNOWLEDGE of the potential and in most cases inevitable harm it will cause to the patient. Most people feel violated in the worst possible sense, as sthey went ahead with the surgery fully trusting the surgeon, the person who would, or should not cause harm - at least not knowingly.

Some interesting facts: no matter how many statistics about the success rate you will read from the surgeons who perform the surgery, it is mainly as advertising and a form of muscle flexing between the surgeons. THERE HAS BEEN NO INDEPENDENT STUDY OR TRIAL DONE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS (ESP. IN THE LONG TERM!) AND SAFETY OF THIS PROCEDURE.
BECAUSE OF THIS LACK OF RIGOROUS TESTING, THAT IS REQUIRED WITH EVERY DRUG COMPANIES PUT OUT INTO THE MARKET, THE SURGERY SHOULD BE CONSIDERED EXPERIMENTAL, AND PATIENTS SHOULD BE INFORMED ABOUT THIS FACT, AS THEY SHOULD BE INFORMED ABOUT THE FACT, THAT THERE IS NOT WAY TO PREDICT HOW THE PATIENT WILL COME OUT AT THE OTHER END. WITH NERVES IT CAN GET MESSY....ANOTHER REASON TO CONSIDER THE OPERATION AS EXPERIMENTAL.

THE MEDICAL PROFESSION, THE GOVERNMENT AGENCIES THAT SHOULD OVERSEE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW SURGICAL TECHNIQUES AND TO FOLLOW UP ON THESE FAILED THE PATIENTS IN EVERY CASE WHEN SYMPATHECTOMY WAS PERFORMED, ESPECIALLY IF IT WAS NOT PERFORMED FOR THE CONTROL OF PAIN IN CANCER PATIENTS, BUT FOR A CONDITION THAT IS DEEMED TO BE A COSMETIC AND HAS OTHER, NONSURGICAL SOLUTIONS, LIKE BLUSHING OR SWEATING. AT THE END THE PATIENTS HAVE TO TURN TO THESE ANYWAY, AS THE SO-CALLED COMPENSATORY SWEATING OR NOW RENAMED TO A MORE POLITICALLY CORRECT TERM OF REFLEX SWEATING IS OFTEN WORST THAN THE ORIGINAL CONDITION THE PATIENT SEEKED THE TREATMENT FOR.

These are the thoughts of many of the post sympathectomy patients, as they struggle to understand something that is well beyond reason.
PS: Once I have permission from the family, I will publish this victim's name, in order to add more ...authenticity to this blog, this post, and the determination behind it.

ANHIDROSIS AFTER SYMPATHETOMY

SYMPATHETIC NERVES INERVATE SENSORY NERVES. ONCE THIS INERVATION IS REMOVED, THE SKIN BECOMES PARALYZED.
THE SKIN IS THE BIGGEST ORGANS THAT ALSO TAKES A ROLE IN THERMOREGULATION. THIS ROLE WILL BE DISABLED.
PARALYSIS OF THE SKIN ALSO MEANS A LACK OF GOOSE BUMPS FORMING IN THE AREA OF DENERVATION, RADIATING HEAT FROM THE BODY IN COLD WEATHER. THIS AREA WILL BE NOT EFFECTIVE IN HOT WEATHER, AS IT WILL BE UNABLE TO SWEAT, THUS THE BODY WILL BE UNABLE TO COOL OFF.
PATIENTS WEHO HAVE UNDERGONE SYMPATHECTOMY ARE IN GRAVE DANGER ONCE OVERHEATING, THEY BECOME MORE SENSITIVE AND VULNERABLE TO COLD AND HOT TEMPERATURES. WITH THE ADDITIONAL CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCE, REDUCED HEART RATE, UNSTABLE BLOOD PRESSURE AND EXTREME LOWED BODY SWEATING...ALL THIS AFTER THEY HAVE UNDERGONE A TREATMENT FOR BLUSHING...

ANHIDROSIS AFTER SYMPATHETOMY

Prediction: Thoracic sympathectomy will cause anhidrosis in the denerved area.

Empirical Status: Confirmed.

Anhidrosis

Sweat glands are controlled almost entirely via the sympathetic nervous system, and do not have parasympathetic innervation at all. Unlike most other sympathetic nerve terminals, the receptors in sweat glands are activated by acetylcholine, not norepinephrine. It is possible that sweat glands can be activated locally to a small degree by catecholamines in the blood, but for practical purposes sympathectomy renders sweat glands permanently non-functional in the denerved area. This dysfunction is called "anhidrosis".
Anhidrosis is considered dangerous, as we learn from the WebMD dictionary:

Anhidrosis: Not sweating. From the Greek an- meaning a lack of + hidros meaning sweat = lack of sweat. The inability to sweat may seem a blessing but it is not, since to sweat is to be able to stay cool. Anhidrosis creates a dangerous inability to tolerate heat. (WebMD dictionary)

In one clinical trial, ETS patients subjectively described the sensation of anhidrosis as “disturbing”.

“Patients undergoing T2-T4 resection often experience anhidrosis from the nipple line upwards which has been disturbing for several individuals.” (Fischel et al. 2003)


http://www.editthis.info/corposcindosis/Changes_to_Individual_Effectors,_part_2

TREATMENT NEEDED AFTER THE TREATMENT ENDED UP NOT BEING A TREATMENT ...

COMMUNICATIONS AND BRIEF REPORTS

Treatment of Unilateral Compensatory Sweating after Endoscopical Thoracic Sympathectomy for General Hyperhidrosis with Botulinum Toxin A

• FALK GEORGES BECHARA, MD ^{* *} Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; ,
• MICHAEL SAND, MD ^{* *} Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; ,
• GEORG MOUSSA, MD ^{* *} Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; ,
• DANIEL SAND, BS ^{† †} Department of Physiological Science, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California; ,
• PETER ALTMEYER, MD ^{* *} Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; ,
• KLAUS HOFFMANN, MD ^{* *} Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; and
• JOHANNES SCHMIDT, MD ^{‡ ‡} Department of Visceral Surgery, Lutherhaus Essen, University of Witten-Herdecke, Essen, Germany

• ^* Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; ^† Department of Physiological Science, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California; ^‡ Department of Visceral Surgery, Lutherhaus Essen, University of Witten-Herdecke, Essen, Germany

BODY WEIGHT

Chemical Sympathectomy Alters Regulation of Body Weight
During Prolonged ICV Leptin Infusion

Robert L. Dobbins1, Lidia S. Szczepaniak1, Weiguo Zhang1 and J. Denis McGarry1,2

ABOUT LIPOLYSIS FOLLOWING SYMPATHECTOMY

Hormones in Muscular Activity

by Atko Viru - 1985 - Medical
121 ± 13 min).44 Consequently, following chemical sympathectomy the adrenal medulla is unable to ensure adequate lipolysis. ...
Limited preview - books.google.com/books?isbn=0849354943...

Monckeberg's sclerosis after sympathetic denervation

Goebel FD, Fuessl HS.
Medial arterial calcification is frequently seen in diabetic patients with severe diabetic
neuropathy. Sixty patients (19 diabetic and 41 non-diabetic) were examined
radiologically for typical Monckeberg's sclerosis of feet arteries 6-8 years after uni- or
bilateral lumbar sympathectomy. Fifty-five out of 60 patients (92%) revealed medial
calcification. This calcification was observed in both feet of 93% of patients, who had
undergone bilateral operation. After unilateral sympathectomy the incidence of calcified
arteries on the side of operation was significantly higher than that on the contralateral
side (88% versus 18%, p less than 0.01). Although diabetic patients showed longer
stretches of calcification than non-diabetic subjects, the difference was not significant in
terms of incidence and length. Of 20 patients who had no evidence of calcinosis
pre-operatively, 11 developed medial calcification after unilateral operation exclusively
on the side of sympathectomy. In seven patients calcinosis was detected in both feet after
bilateral operation. In conclusion, sympathetic denervation is one of the causes of
Monckeberg's sclerosis regardless of diabetes mellitus.

Reduced baroreflex sensitivity is associated with increased vascular calcification and arterial stiffness

Reduced baroreflex sensitivity is associated with increased vascular calcification and arterial stiffness

Introduction. Vascular calcification is a critical determinant of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients. The pathophysiology underlying this observation remains obscure. Baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) is important in the maintenance of an appropriate cardiovascular status both at rest and under the physiological stress of HD. BRS is determined by both the mechanical properties of the vascular wall, mediating the transfer of transmural pressure, and afferent and efferent autonomic function. We aimed to study the association between arterial structure, function and BRS in chronic HD patients.

Conclusion. The reduction in BRS and the resulting aberrant blood pressure response to the physiological stress and volume changes of HD may be important in the further understanding of the pathophysiology of the increased mortality in HD patients with vascular calcification.

Lindsay J. Chesterton1, Mhairi K. Sigrist1, Terence Bennett2, Maarten W. Taal1 and Christopher W. McIntyre

In a person who had a sympathectomy, the sympathetic component of the baroreceptor mechanism is absent

The baroreceptor reflex is only a short-term regulator of blood pressure because the receptors adapt by raising the threshold and lowering discharge rate.
8. Describe the reflex compensations when someone suddenly stands up from a supine position. What would happen in a patient who just had a sympathectomy?

Sudden standing causes pooling of blood in the leg veins. This results in decreased venous return to the heart, which leads to decreased cardiac output (Frank-Starling mechanism), which leads to decreased MAP. This decrease in MAP is detected by the carotid sinus baroreceptors, which relay a message to the medullary cardiovascular control center, which increases sympathetic outflow and decreases parasympathetic outflow, this causes:

* An increase in HR and myocardial contractility, tending to restore cardiac output.
* Vasoconstriction in skeletal musculature, skin, kidneys and gut, reducing blood flow to these organs and increasing TPR.
* Venoconstriction decreasing capacitance and increasing venous return

A patient with a sympathectomy would experience what's referred to as orthostatic hypotension (which might lead to syncope). Orthostatic hypotension is a decrease in arterial pressure when going from supine to a standing position. A person with a normal baroreceptor mechanism will try to restore MAP. In a person who had a sympathectomy, the sympathetic component of the baroreceptor mechanism is absent.

Heart Physiology II

M.A.S.T.E.R. Learning Program, UC Davis School of Medicine
Date Revised: Jan 16, 2002
Revised by: Gordon Li and Carolyn Nguyen

reduction of jejunal mucosal perfusion following sympathectomy

Abstract

Reduction of central blood volume elicits a peripheral vasoconstrictor reflex in various tissues including skin, skeletal muscle and the

Predicting CS?

The mechanism of the so-called Compensatory Sweating is still unclear, and there are no ways to predict who will bit hit harder.
Some surgeons tell their patients that it happens mostly to men, who are overweight and had a heavy sweating prior to surgery.
This has never been proven, and my experience with people who underwent the surgery and have the debilitating CS does not indicate any group that would be more likely to be affected.
Also: these statistics are unreliable. There has been no independent study the examine the severity or extent of the CS. Many questions are not asked, so that they will not tarnish the results. These statistics are collected and questions formulated by the surgeons who offer the surgery. It would be reasonable to assume that they will look for a confirmation of the effectiveness of the operation....otherwise they would not do the surgery....

15% regretted the operation.

Evaluation of compensatory sweating after bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis.

Libson S, Kirshtein B, Mizrahi S, Lantsberg L.

Department of Surgery "A," Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

The study is a retrospective review of 60 patients undergoing bilateral T2-T3 thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis in our department between 1997 and 2003. The study was based on a telephone questionnaire and medical chart review. Forty patients (67%) replied to the questionnaire and were included in the study. Postoperative complications, therapeutic results, patient satisfaction, and the severity of compensatory sweating (CS) were assessed. In all patients both palms were dry at the end of surgery. Postoperative complications included permanent unilateral Horner syndrome, wound infection, and residual pneumothorax resolving after thoracal drainage, in one patient each. CS with different severity occurred in 35 patients (87.5%). Six patients (15%) regretted undergoing the operation due to the extent and severity of the CS seriously affecting their quality of life. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is a simple procedure with a high success rate. However, CS is a serious complication and a significant number of patients may regret undergoing the operation; a careful selection of patients and comprehensive explanation are advisable.

Sympathectomy potentiates the vasoconstrictor response to nitric oxide synthase

Melatonin changes after sympathectomy

Bruce J, Tamarkin L, Riedel C, Markey S, Oldfield E.

Sequential cerebrospinal fluid and plasma sampling in
humans: 24-hour melatonin measurements in normal
subjects and after peripheral sympathectomy. English.
72. 1991:819-23.


Brismar K, Mogensen L, Wetterberg L.
Depressed
melatonin secretion in patients with nightmares due to
beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. English. 221.
1987:155-8.

Evidence suggests a link between endogenous melatonin and the sleep cycle
• There is evidence of a link between endogenous melatonin and the temperature rhythm.

Melatonin deficiency causes SOMNOLENCE

nerve blocks as a treatment for Herpes Zoster...

Management of herpes zoster (shingles) and postherpetic neuralgia

Robert W Johnson‌, Tessa L Whitton‌

Pain Management Clinic, Level 4, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.

The Cancer Patient with Chronic Pain Due To Herpes Zoster

... were mild and tolerable and consisted primarily of somnolence and dizziness. ... Peripheral neurectomy, cordotomy, dorsal rhizotomy, sympathectomy, ...
www.current-reports.com/article.cfm?PubID=PA04-6-1-01&Type=Article&KeyWords= -

Insulin hypersensitivity produced by sympathectomy

Insulin hypersensitivity has been undeniably produced by hypophysectomy, by adrenalectomy, by sympathectomy, by spinal cord lesions, and by hypothalamic lesions.

THE HYPOTHALAMUS: A REVIEW OF THE
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
W. R. Ingram

blood pressure response abolished by sympathectomy

The emotional leucocytosis observed in dogs has been claimed to be neurogenic in origin, since sympathectomy abolished the rise in leucocyte count (Garrey & Bryan, 19 3 5). 

treatment of choice??!!

As with other tissues and organs, hypoxia, such as at high altitude, causes an increase in blood flow to bone, as does hypercapnia and sympathectomy.

http://209.85.173.104/search?q=cache:iRmCgVbEWmAJ:worldortho.com/index.php%3FItemid%3D264%26id%3D491%26option%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview+somnolence+sympathectomy&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=106&gl=au&client=firefox-a

The antihypertensive effects of the drug may be enhanced in the post-sympathectomy patient.

Diovan HCT Tablets

Drug and SYMPATHECTOMY interaction

Tell your doctor if you have any of
the following medical conditions:
* kidney problems
* liver problems
* heart problems
* diabetes
* recent excessive vomiting or
diarrhoea
* Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
(SLE), a disease affecting the
skin, joints and kidneys
* a salt restricted diet
* a past operation known as
sympathectomy
If you have not told your doctor
about any of the above, tell
him/her before you start taking
Atacand Plus 16/12.5.

What Atacand Plus
16/12.5 is for
Atacand Plus 16/12.5 is used to treat
high blood pressure.

Causes of SYNCOPE

neurological, mechanical or both:
sympathectomy


http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/symptoms/coma/book-causes-6a.htm

HOW SYMPATHECTOMY CAUSES PAIN

During surgery, for example, accidental sympathectomy can occur, leading to neuroma development and a predictable sequence of events: “internal” stimulation of afferent or somatosensory neurons, generation of efferent nerve impulses, and the subsequent sensation of neurologic pain.
JAMES F. CARTER, MD, and DAVID E. SOPER, MD

effects of thiazides may be enhanced in the post-sympathectomy patient

Somnolence, 0.7, 1.1, 0.7, 0.9. Loss of libido, 1.2, 0.4, 1.2, 0.4 .... effects of thiazides may be enhanced in the post-sympathectomy patient. ...
www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/bishctz_ad.htm - 62k

epidural catheter - three years after a sympathectomy

epidural abscess in a patient with dorsal hyperhidrosis .

PURPOSE: To report the management of a patient who developed a lumbar epidural abscess when an epidural catheter was placed three years after a thoracic sympathectomy. The possible contribution of hyperhidrosis is discussed. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 62-yr-old male had compensatory hyperhidrosis in his back after thoracic sympathectomy. The patient, who suffered from thromboangeitis obliterans, underwent lumbar (L2-3) epidural catheterization in order to improve arterial circulation and ameliorate resting pain in his left leg. On the third day after catheterization, the patient complained of a dull pain in his back. Emergency magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 12-mm abscess in the epidural space. On the tenth day after catheterization, laminotomy at the 3-4 lumbar vertebrae and local drainage were performed. A 14-mm abscess was removed from the epidural space. The patient was discharged on day 21 after catheterization without any disability. CONCLUSION: Special precautions against infection may be necessary in patients with hyperhidrosis in the area where continuous epidural catheterization is attempted

Compensatory Sweating is NOT 'compensatory' It is abnormal and uncontrollable sweating.

Compensatory Sweating

Compensatory sweating is excessive sweating that may occur on the back, chest, abdomen, legs, face, and buttocks as a side effect of ETS surgery. This side effect is grave because it can be equally or even more extreme than the original sweating problem.

In a study involving 121 patients at the Medical City Hospital of Dallas, Texas, compensatory sweating occurred in more than 80% of the patients undergoing ETS. Similarly, in a Danish study conducted at the Aarhus University Hospital, 90% of the patients undergoing ETS for underarm sweating, reported compensatory sweating, half of whom were forced to change their clothes during the day because of it. http://www.sweathelp.org/English/PFF_Treatment_Surgery.asp

Serious negative side effects of sympathectomy

After all other treatments have been tried, adjusted for individual circumstances, and still found to be ineffective, surgical treatment for excessive sweating may be an option considered by your physician. There are a number of different types of surgery that are sometimes used to treat hyperhidrosis. These include local surgical procedures that remove the sweat glands and endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS). ETS, in particular, is considered a last resort because it frequently causes serious, irreversible compensatory sweating. And in fact, most physicians do not recommend ETS surgery because of the serious negative side effects of the procedure."
http://www.sweathelp.org/English/PFF_Treatment_Surgery.asp

Severe side-effects, permanent damage

"Due to side effects, oral medications are not recommended as a long-term solution. Similarly, surgical options, although heavily advertised, are reserved for only certain severe cases of hyperhidrosis that have not responded to any of the other treatment options. Before considering surgical treatment, physicians and their patients must fully consider and discuss the very real risks of permanent damage and severe side effects."http://www.sweathelp.org/English/PFF_Treatment_Overview.asp

Last resort surgery? What does that mean??

"Dr. Goodman: Mainly dermatologists and cosmetic physicians provide treatments for excessive sweating here. Treatments available include heavy-duty antiperspirants, botulinum toxin injections, and iontophoresis. We provide iontophoresis treatments here at the Skin and Cancer Foundation of Victoria and it's available at certain other hospital centers, but it's not available in private practice like it is in the United States, and usually the iontophoresis units being used have been built by hospitals' own engineering departments. Occasionally, though, the R.A. Fischer galvanic units may also be used. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is still practiced here but its use is decreasing and it's really only advocated as the last resort for palmar [hand] hyperhidrosis or facial blushing, and it's only rarely used for axillary [underarm] hyperhidrosis. "

http://www.sweathelp.org/English/CMN_Article.asp?ArticleCode=64750038

SYMPATHECTOMY BANNED

SYMPATHECTOMY HAS BEEN BANNED IN SWEDEN IN 2003.

SYMPATHECTOMY REDUCES FEAR

"Experiements in animals demonstrate that sympathectomy may retard averse conditioning. (DiGusto and King, 1972), most likely because sympathectomy reduces fear."
Clinical Neuropsychology 2003

sympathectomy abolishes the circadian rhythm

Melatonin Metabolism: Neural Regulation of Pineal Serotonin ...

These data indicate that superior cervical sympathectomy abolishes the ... Indole metabolism in the pineal gland: a circadian rhythm in N-acetyltransferase. ...
www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=389600

PROFOUND CHANGES IN CATECHOLAMINE CONTENT FOLLOWING SYMPATHECTOMY

These results indicate that alterations in the relative abundance of TH mRNA mediate changes in TH activity induced by chronic stress or sympathectomy, and that these changes require an intact sympathetic input.

Molecular adaptations in catecholamine biosynthesis induced by cold stress and sympathectomy
M.K. Stachowiak 1, S.J. Fluharty 2, E.M. Stricker 2, M.J. Zigmond 3, B.B. Kaplan, Ph.D. 1 *

SYMPATHECTOMY INDUCES ADRENERGIC EXCITABILITY

SYMPATHECTOMY=BETABLOCKER

Cardiovascular changes after bilateral upper dorsal sympathectomy. Short- and
long-term effects.
Papa MZ, Bass A, Schneiderman J, Drori Y, Tucker E, Adar R.
The effect of bilateral upper dorsal sympathectomy (UDS) on cardiac function was investigated in two groups of young healthy
patients who underwent bilateral excision of T2 and T3 ganglia for palmar hyperhidrosis. In ten patients echocardiography of
left ventricular function (LVF) was performed before operation and 2 weeks after operation. Electrocardiograms (ECG) were done before operation, during operation immediately after sectioning each sympathetic chain, and at 2 weeks after operation.
The mean pulse rate decreased significantly in patients after they underwent bilateral UDS. There were no clinical arrhythmias or changes in LVF in any patient. Submaximal exercise testing and ECG tracings done at rest and after effort were obtained for 29 patients before undergoing bilateral UDS, 30 days after operation, and 1-3 more times within a 2-year postoperative period.
Pulse rates taken at rest and after effort were significantly lower than those taken after operation, and the blood pressure response to exercise was blunted. ECG tracings showed a significant change in the electrical frontal plane axis and shortening of the QTc interval. These changes were evident 30 days after operation and persisted for 2 years.