The amount of compensatory sweating depends on the patient, the damage that the white rami communicans incurs, and the amount of cell body reorganization in the spinal cord after surgery.
Other potential complications include inadequate resection of the ganglia, gustatory sweating, pneumothorax, cardiac dysfunction, post-operative pain, and finally Horner’s syndrome secondary to resection of the stellate ganglion.
www.ubcmj.com/pdf/ubcmj_2_1_2010_24-29.pdf

After severing the cervical sympathetic trunk, the cells of the cervical sympathetic ganglion undergo transneuronic degeneration
After severing the sympathetic trunk, the cells of its origin undergo complete disintegration within a year.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0442.1967.tb00255.x/abstract

Thursday, March 26, 2009

Secretions of the pituitary-adrenal cortex as controllers of emotion

Peripheral sympathectomy prevents the normal occurrence of a variety of bodily changes and hence, a fortiori, prevents sensory feedback of those changes. (p.68)


Biology and emotion

By Neil McNaughton
Edition: illustrated
Published by Cambridge University Press, 1989

more likely to develop autoimmune disorders after sympathectomy

page 71:
Lewis rats are much more likely to develop autoimmune disorders after sympathectomy (Dimitrova and Felten, 1995).
This finding suggests that if sympathetic regulation were impaired in a genetically predisposed individual, an autoimmune disease might develop.
Betrayal by the Brain: The Neurologic Basis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Related Neural Network Disorders
by Jay A. Goldstein
published by The Haworth Medical Press, 1996

ETS prevents responses to reflex or emotional changes in the central nervous system - Is this the definition of LOBOTOMY?

All the sympathetic ganglia that send postganglionic nerve fibres to structures in the head, neck and upper limb receive preganglionic fibres from the central nervous system only through the white rami communicates of the upper thoracic ventral rami. These preganglionic fibres ascend in the trunk and reach its ganglia directly and outlying ganglia through branches of the trunk. Thus destruction of the trunk at the root of the neck, whether as a result of a surgery (cervical sympathectomy) or of some pathological condition,isolates all these sympathetic ganglion cells from the central nervous system and prevents them from responding to reflex or emotional changes in the central nervous system.
Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy: Volume III: Head, Neck and Brain (Oxford Medical Publications)
G. J. Romanes
Paperback - Nov 20, 1986

No correlation between the denervated area and severity of 'compensatory' sweating

There was no correlation between the degree of alteration in total body perspiration and the development of CH. Performing thoracoscopic T2-T3 sympathectomy for PPH affects the total body sweating response to heat; however, the development of CH does not correlate with this alteration. (author abst.)

http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/200108/000020010801A0160337.php
Journal Title; Surg Today
Journal Code:Z0754A
ISSN:0941-1291
VOL.30;NO.12;PAGE.1089-1092(2000)

Mia: proof that 'compensatory' sweating is NOT compensatory

Devervation sensitivity and Sympathectomy

Somatic effectors are dependent on their innervation to maintain structural and functional integrity. Whenn denervated, they eventually atrophy. This is the fate of the denervated voluntary muscles as noted in a lower motor neuron paralysis. Autonomic effectors are not wholly dependent on their innervation. Denervated involuntary muscles, cardiac muscle and glands continue to function. For example, the transplanted heart might function reasonably well. However, when deprived of autonomic nervous system influences, these effectors are abnormal in that they do not respond as effectively as they should to satisfy the changing demands of the organism.
When an effector is deprived of it's innervation, it may become extremely sensitive to chemical mediators (neurotransmitters). For example, the rate of beat of the totally denervated heart will increase if the heart is exposed to just 1 part of epinephrine in 1400 million.

Denervation supersensitivity is noticeable in clinical situation following sympathectomy. (p.367)

The human nervous system: structure and function
By Charles Robert Noback, Norman L. Strominger, Robert J. Demarest, David A. Ruggiero
Edition: 6, illustrated
Published by Humana Press, 2005
ISBN 1588290409, 9781588290403

The haemodynamic effect of thoracoscopic cardiac sympathectomy

The response of the heart to stress is much attenuated by upper thoracic sympathectomy.

A patient with angina pectoris who had been successfully treated by thoracoscopic cardiac sympathectomy was scheduled to have scalp debridement under general anaesthesia for a scald burn. There were haemodynamic changes during and after the operation including anaesthetic induction, endotracheal intubation, maintenance, and early recovery period. The sympathetic denervated heart showed little chronotropic response to anaesthetic and surgical stimulation. On the contrary, the parasympathetic response was predominant. An episode of severe bradycardia occurred during endotracheal suctioning prior to extubation. The haemodynamic response to cardiac sympathetic denervation corresponded to the efferent effect of beta-receptor blockade

European Journal of Surgery

See Also:

Volume 164 Issue S1, Pages 37 - 38

Published Online: 2 Dec 2003


This is how language is used to distort, misrepresent and manipulate:

"The operation involves snipping some nerves that cause blushing. It involves 2 tiny incisions in the arm-pit through which they gain access to the nerves. The whole thing takes less than 1 hour and it requires one nights stay in the hospital. It is relatively straight-forward in the hands of people who do it regularly and the people in Karolinska are experts."

http://www.irishhealth.com/article.html?id=4396

Telaranta reveals what is wrong with the surgery:

The first aim in correctional surgery is to restore normal neuronal pathways in the sympathetic chain. This can be accomplished by:

1. Excision of the scar and a neurolysis around the healthy nerve ends. This often gives immediate relief in the compensatory hyperhidrosis by stopping the neuropathic feedback hypersensitivity. If pain has been included in the side effects, it is usually right away diminished after the neurolysis.

2. Adding fresh nerve stimuli to the midbrain structures. To accomplish this we transpose the living intercostal nerve to the stellate (T1) ganglion.
This procedure adds to the possibility of thermoregulatory feedback between the lower sympathetic chain and the midbrain ganglia. Also the energy level may be restored, if damaged in the first surgery. This result is often immediate.

http://www.privatix.fi/index.shtml?&a=0&s=navig_03&l=en&d=02_reversal

Mia: Telaranta in his summary describing what he can improve on with his 'reversal of ETS'. First he has to admit what goes wrong with Sympathectomy in the first place. None of these effects (side-effects) is included on any of the patient information brochures, and patients are lead to believe that the surgery will only affect their skin sweating - in a good way. In his text we find admission that it also affects midbrain and it's function. As far as I tell from the extensive research I have undertaken, none of the surgeons offering this simple, 'almost miraculous' surgery ever mentioned ETS (Sympathectomy) affecting brain function.

There should be no surprise why are there so many websites and forums dedicated to the patients outrage, grief and support, as the medical community refuses to acknowledge these side-effects - unless there is some incentive, as there is in this case. The high number of patients seeking reversal surgeries is should provide and indication of the problem.

19% of patients suing Telaranta?!

29 % benefited greatly from the procedure and 81 % had at least useful recovery with a marked relief in the reflex sweating. Only 19 % denied all benefit, but none of these claimed any worsening of the situation. Even these patients may have had some benefit, but because of the pending lawsuits and compensation requests it is understandable, that willingness to evaluate positively the end result is not at the highest level.

REFINED REVERSAL SURGERY OF ETS
updated 1.9.2008

Timo Telaranta, MD, PhD, Ass. Prof. of Clinical Surgery, Rome, Italy

http://www.privatix.fi/index.shtml?&a=0&s=navig_03&l=en&d=05_results


Sympathectomy causes changes in the noradrenergic-dopaminergic feed-back systems

The results of motor improvement may be due to changes in the noradrenergic-dopaminergic feed-back systems. It is also possible that the autonomic nervous system plays a role in the Parkinson's disease which is still poorly understood.


Relief of extrapyramidal symptoms
by sympathetic block

2003-05-17
http://www.privatix.fi/index.shtml?&a=0&s=navig_03&l=en&d=extrapyramidal

Hyperglycemic responses attenuated by sympathectomy

Hyperglycemic responses to CDP-choline, choline, cytidine monophosphate and cytidine were not affected by chemical sympathectomy, but were prevented by bilateral adrenalectomy. Phosphocholine-induced hyperglycemia was attenuated by bilateral adrenalectomy or by chemical sympathectomy. These data show that CDP-choline and its metabolites induce hyperglycemia which is mediated by activation of ganglionic nicotinic receptors and stimulation of catecholamine release that subsequently activates agr2-adrenoceptors.
Archives Of Physiology And Biochemistry, Volume 113, Issue 4 & 5 October 2007 , pages 186 - 201 First Published on: 03 October 2007

Reactions to drugs after sympathectomy

Antihypertensive effects of thiazide diuretics may be enhanced in patients with a sympathectomy.
p.262

Handbook of Drug Interactions: A Clinical and Forensic Guide
By Ashraf Mozayani
Edition: illustrated
Published by Humana Press, 2004
ISBN 1588292118, 9781588292117
663 pages

Causes of male infertility

Sympatholytic drugs or sympathectomy - p. 662

Endocrinology & metabolism
By Philip Felig, Lawrence A. Frohman
Edition: 4, illustrated
Published by McGraw-Hill Professional, 2001
ISBN 0070220018, 9780070220010
1562 pages

Bilateral thoracoscopic cervical sympathectomy for the treatment of recurrent polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a disorder of prolonged cardiac repolarisation, manifest by a prolonged QT interval and characterised by recurrent presyncope/syncope, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PMVT), or sudden cardiac death.
She was ultimately treated successfully with bilateral thoracoscopic cervicothoracic sympathectomies. This is the first reported bilateral thoracoscopic treatment of a patient with LQTS and symptomatic life threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias refractory to current pharmacological and pacing techniques.
Heart 2005;91:15-17
© 2005 by BMJ Publishing Group & British Cardiac Society

ETS reduces anxiety. Is it a psychosurgery?

The results of STAI showed significant improvement in the levels of anxiety after surgery compared with the preoperative levels and with established norms (p <>Conclusions: Patients with primary hyperhidrosis that undergo EBTS presented a decrease in the level of anxiety and associated symptoms.

Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;30:228-231
© 2006 Elsevier Science NL

sympathectomy suppressed baroreflex control of heart rate

Our results indicated that T2-3 sympathectomy suppressed baroreflex control of heart rate in both pressor and depressor tests
in the patients with palmar hyperhidrosis. We should note that baroreflex response for maintaining cardiovascular stability is suppressed in the patients who received the ETS.
Anesthesiology 2001; 95:A160


Is this and admission that ETS causes reduced exercise tolerance?!

So far Dr. Reisfeld has performed approximately 35 clamp removal procedures. The results are not 100% but about 50% of those cases showed improvements in their clinical condition which translated into reduction of compensatory sweating, better exercise tolerance, re-appearance of sweat in the hands and upper body, etc. Obviously more time is needed to come to any definite conclusions and also we will need more cases so statistical analysis can be made.
http://www.sweaty-palms.com/detailsofsurgery.html


Depression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase but Increased Expression of Endothelin-1 Immunoreactivity in Rat Thoracic Aortic Endothelium Associated With Long-term, but Not Short-term, Sympathectomy

Gjumrakch Aliev, Vera Ralevic, Geoffrey Burnstock
(Circulation Research. 1996;79:317-323.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.

Cardiac function after sympathectomy

These findings suggest that cardiac muscle cells require thyroxin for normal growth and enzyme development. Also, Sx (Sympathectomy) may impair cardiac functional capacity by altering Ca2+ activity of actomyosin ATPase.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 236: C30-C34, 1979;
0363-6143/79 $5.00